These artists range from the well-known—Berthe Morisot, Mary Cassatt, and Rosa Bonheur—to those less recognizable to US audiences, such as Kitty Kielland, Louise Breslau, and Anna Ancher. Women Artists in Paris, 1850–1900 is organized by the American Federation of Arts. Guest curator Laurence Madeline, Chief Curator for French …Jun 7, 2018 · Past Highlights. Current Exhibition. Romare Bearden: Abstraction (2021-2022) June 7, 2018 Natalie Espinosa. Exploring Romare Bearden’s important yet rarely-seen body of abstract work in tandem with the range of his art (including the popular figurative collages), this exhibition highlights Bearden’s place within the context of the New York ... 64 WOMAN’S ART JOURNAL Women Artists in Paris, 1850–1900 By Laurence Madeline Yale University Press and American Federation of Arts, 2017 R L J With indulgent irony, we are asked how many great female artists there have been. There have been many, gentlemen! And its surprising given the enormous difficulties that they have encountered.Aug 6, 2023 · This exhibition is co – organized by the American Federation of Arts, Chesterwood, a site of the National Trust for Historic Preservation, and the Saint – Gaudens Memorial in partnership with the Saint – Gaudens National Historical Park. Support for the exhibiti on and publication has been provided by the Gladys Krieble Delmas Foundation. Major support for the …Publisher : The American Federation of Arts (January 1, 1931) Language : EnglishMar 19, 2024 · Founded in 1909 by Elihu Root, the American Federation of Arts (AFA) exists today as a national nonprofit museum service organization striving to unite American art institutions, collectors, artists, and museums. Elihu Root, then secretary of state in the administration of Theodore Roosevelt, spoke of his idea at the first meeting of the AFA ...Dec 7, 2021 · American Federation of Arts 212.988.7700 x26 [email protected] Exhibition Itinerary to Date Oklahoma City Museum of Art Oklahoma City, Oklahoma September 7–November 26, 2006 The Cummer Museum of Art and Gardens Jacksonville, Florida December 22, 2006–March 18, 2007 North Carolina Museum of Art Raleigh, North …Mar 22, 2023 · On Thursday, June 8th, the American Federation of Arts held its 2023 Spring Luncheon featuring Sanford Biggers, interdisciplinary conceptual artist, as its guest speaker. Back in person for the first time since 2019, we were thrilled to welcome guest speaker Sanford Biggers, who was in conversation with Trevor Schoonmaker, Mary D.B.T. and James ... Mar 22, 2023 · On Thursday, June 8th, the American Federation of Arts held its 2023 Spring Luncheon featuring Sanford Biggers, interdisciplinary conceptual artist, as its guest speaker. Back in person for the first time since 2019, we were thrilled to welcome guest speaker Sanford Biggers, who was in conversation with Trevor Schoonmaker, Mary D.B.T. and …Art and Activism at Tougaloo College, American Federation of Arts, 2022 Winslow Homer – American Passage, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2022 New Woman Behind the Camera, National Gallery of Art, 2020Jan 16, 2024 · The American Federation of Arts (AFA), a not-for-profit organization, initiates and organizes art exhibitions and provides educational and professional programs in collaboration with the museum community. Established in 1909, the AFA is one of the oldest art organizations in the country. In 1909, then Secretary of State Elihu Root outlined AFA ...Nov 24, 2015 · Matisse Drawings: Curated by Ellsworth Kelly from The Pierre and Tana Matisse Foundation Collection is organized by the American Federation of Arts and the Mount Holyoke College Art Museum in collaboration with The Pierre and Tana Matisse Foundation.. The exhibition was made possible by the generous support of the Eugene …Sep 18, 2008 · American art directory by American Federation of Arts. Publication date 1980 Publisher New York ; London : Bowker Publishing Collection americana Book from the collections of University of Michigan Language English.Mar 22, 2023 · On Thursday, June 8th, the American Federation of Arts held its 2023 Spring Luncheon featuring Sanford Biggers, interdisciplinary conceptual artist, as its guest speaker. Back in person for the first time since 2019, we were thrilled to welcome guest speaker Sanford Biggers, who was in conversation with Trevor Schoonmaker, Mary D.B.T. and James ... Jun 11, 2022 · American Federation of Arts. New York, NY. Joined in February 2006. About Us. In 1909, then Secretary of State Elihu Root outlined AFA's mission in an address to the National Academy of the Arts: to enrich the public's experience and understanding of art, primarily by taking original works "on tour to the hinterlands of the United States ... 305 East 47th Street, 10th Floor New York, NY 10017 212.988.7700 | 1.800.232.0270 May 7, 2019 · A sweeping look at the ways American artists have viewed themselves, their peers, and their painted worlds over two centuries This stunning book provides an unprecedented glimpse into the past two centuries of American art, tracing artistic tradition and innovation at the National Academy of Design from its 19th-century founding to the present. The nation’s oldest …May 7, 2019 · A sweeping look at the ways American artists have viewed themselves, their peers, and their painted worlds over two centuries This stunning book provides an unprecedented glimpse into the past two centuries of American art, tracing artistic tradition and innovation at the National Academy of Design from its 19th-century founding to the present. The nation’s oldest … 305 East 47th Street, 10th Floor New York, NY 10017 212.988.7700 | 1.800.232.0270 American Federation of Arts. Feb 2020 - Present3 years 6 months. New York, United States. • Oversees large, cross-functional, organization-wide projects and initiatives; brings together ...Publishers: American Federation of Arts & Yale University Press (2017) Dimensions: 9 ½ x 11 in. Format: Softcover, 288 pp ISBN: 978-1-885-444-45-5. Price: $40. Overview. In the second half of the nineteenth century, Paris attracted an international gathering of women artists, drawn to the French capital by its academies and museums, studios ...American Federation of Arts was formed. Art Annual Magazine Shortly after the Federation was formed, realizing the necessity of a medium of com- In 1913 we took …Jul 10, 2019 · The AFA Cultural Leadership Awards are given annually to an artist and museum leader or philanthropist in recognition of their outstanding contributions to the art community. The event brings together artists, museum directors, collectors, philanthropists, and art professionals at an elegant gala to celebrate the American Federation of Arts and ...The Drawings of François Boucher, which was organized by the American Federation of Arts and curated by Alastair Laing, Advisor on Paintings and Sculpture to …Mar 22, 2023 · On Thursday, June 8th, the American Federation of Arts held its 2023 Spring Luncheon featuring Sanford Biggers, interdisciplinary conceptual artist, as its guest speaker. Back in person for the first time since 2019, we were thrilled to welcome guest speaker Sanford Biggers, who was in conversation with Trevor Schoonmaker, Mary D.B.T. and …American Federation of Arts. Publication date 1969 Topics American Federation of Arts Publisher [New York] Collection inlibrary; printdisabled; internetarchivebooks Contributor Internet Archive Language English. 71 p. 23 cm Access-restricted-item true Addeddate 2023-03-09 17:28:21 Autocrop_version 0.0.14_books-20220331-0.2The American Federation of Arts is the leader in traveling exhibitions internationally. A nonprofit organization founded in 1909, the AFA is dedicated to enriching the public’s experience and understanding of the visual arts. The American Federation of Arts Membership Program offers year-round arts access to the most anticipated exhibitions, private collections in Greater New York, and national art fairs to those who ensure that art of the highest quality remains accessible to audiences nationwide. Through AFA Member support, the AFA offers art museums of all sizes the opportunity … Continue reading Membership » Jan 1, 2017 · A celebration of the work and lives of women artists who shaped the art world of 19th-century Paris In the second half of the 19th century, Paris attracted an international gathering of women artists, drawn to the French capital by its academies and museums, studios and salons. Featuring thirty-six artists from eleven different countries, this beautifully illustrated book …Association of Historians of American Art. AHAA provides a lively, accessible forum for: (1) presenting and advancing new approaches to American art; (2) examining problems that confront the field; and (3) identifying scholarly needs and opportunities for its members. "Before AHAA, there was nothing but the vast and inchoate category of ...Dec 15, 2009 · link works. October 30, 2008. Created by ImportBot. Imported from University of Toronto MARC record . Drawings from 1893-1946 by Pierre Bonnard, 1972, American Federation of Arts, [1972] edition, in English. The American Federation of Arts (AFA) is pleased to announce the national tour of For America: Paintings from the National Academy of Design, an exhibition created in collaboration with the National Academy of Design (NAD). Jan 16, 2024 · The American Federation of Arts (AFA), a not-for-profit organization, initiates and organizes art exhibitions and provides educational and professional programs in collaboration with the museum community. Established in 1909, the AFA is one of the oldest art organizations in the country. In 1909, then Secretary of State Elihu Root outlined AFA ...Mar 29, 2016 · Edna R. Russmann is Curator of Egyptian, Classical, and Ancient Middle Eastern Art at the Brooklyn Museum of Art. Credit This exhibition is organized by the American Federation of Arts and The British Museum, and is made possible, in part, by the Philip and Janice Levin Foundation Fund for Collection-Based Exhibitions at the … Publishers: Published by the American Federation of Arts and distributed by Yale University Press. Dimensions: 8 1/4 x 11 in. Format: 304 Pages. ISBN: Hardcover, 978-1-885444-49-3. Price: $60. Pauline Willis is the director of the American Federation of Arts (AFA), where she has worked for over ten years and previously served as chief operating officer, deputy director, and chief financial officer. In her first year as director, Willis expanded the schedule of currently traveling and upcoming exhibitions from two to more than twenty ...New York, The American Federation of Arts, Bonnard, Drawings from 1892-1946, October 1972 - October 1974, no. 72-1. Geneva, Musée d'art et d'histoire Genève, Dessins de Pierre Bonnard, April - September 1976, no. 69. London, Arts Council of Great Britain, Drawings by Bonnard, 1984-1985, no. 89.Dec 14, 2016 · The American Federation of Arts is pleased to announce Abstract Expressionists: The Women. The exhibition will present a fresh look at important contributions U.S. women painters working in New York, California, and Paris made to Abstract Expressionism from the early 1940s through the 1970s. The show features …Oct 8, 2003 · The Drawings of François Boucher, which was organized by the American Federation of Arts and curated by Alastair Laing, Advisor on Paintings and Sculpture to the National Trust, London, made its debut at the Frick and then traveled to the Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth (January 17 through April 18, 2004).Dec 23, 2022 · Publication. Art and Activism at Tougaloo College (2022-2024) Editor: Turry M. Flucker, with contributions by Asma Naeem and Michael Neumeister Publishers: American Federation of Arts & Hirmer Dimensions: 7 3/4 × 9 3/4 inches Format: Hardcover, 128 Pages ISBN: 978-3-7774-3969-3. More Info.Pauline Forlenza has been the director of the American Federation of Arts (AFA) since 2012, serving before as its deputy director and chief operating officer. Under her leadership, the AFA’s exhibition program has grown immensely, now with close to twenty exhibitions in various stages of development. She initiated a curatorial research travel ...Through collaboration with the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Frick Collection, and the Brooklyn Museum, JSTOR has developed a collection of 19th and ear...American Federation of Arts was formed. Art Annual Magazine Shortly after the Federation was formed, realizing the necessity of a medium of com- In 1913 we took over the publication of munication and a means of securing and the American Art Annual, Miss Florence N. holding individual members, The American Levy, its founder, continuing for … The American Federation of Arts (AFA) is pleased to announce the national tour of For America: Paintings from the National Academy of Design, an exhibition created in collaboration with the National Academy of Design (NAD). The American Federation of Arts Membership Program offers year-round arts access to the most anticipated exhibitions, private collections in Greater New York, and national art fairs to those who ensure that art of the highest quality remains accessible to audiences nationwide. Through AFA Member support, the AFA offers art museums of all sizes the opportunity … Continue reading Membership » Organized by American Federation of Arts, Bel Ami International Exhibition, New York, Knoedler’s, Jul–Sept. 1946; Washington DC, Crosby Gallery of Modern Art, Oct ... The American Federation of Arts (AFA) has been at the forefront of organizing traveling art exhibitions for more than 100 years. Its national and international exhibition program serves to benefit the museum community and enrich the public’s understanding and appreciation of art and culture. Exhibition concepts are developed by AFA curatorial staff in collaboration with … Continue reading ... Publisher : The American Federation of Arts (January 1, 1931) Language : EnglishOrganized by American Federation of Arts, Bel Ami International Exhibition, New York, Knoedler’s, Jul–Sept. 1946; Washington DC, Crosby Gallery of Modern Art, Oct ...Americans for the Arts is a national nonprofit that advocates for the arts and culture field. Learn about their strategic realignment, awards, legislation, and news.Mar 22, 2024 · Founder and director of The Little Gallery, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 1928-1934. The gallery was concerned with promoting education in the community. Because of his success with the Little Gallery, in 1931 he was chosen by the American Federation of Arts to be the director of a new experimental art center in Cedar Rapids. Rowan was affiliated with ...64 WOMAN’S ART JOURNAL Women Artists in Paris, 1850–1900 By Laurence Madeline Yale University Press and American Federation of Arts, 2017 R L J With indulgent irony, we are asked how many great female artists there have been. There have been many, gentlemen! And its surprising given the enormous difficulties that they have encountered.4 days ago · Fort Worth, TX, August 2, 2022—The Amon Carter Museum of American Art (the Carter) today announced the appointment of Andrew Eschelbacher as the Museum’s Director of Collections and Exhibitions.Eschelbacher, currently the Director of Curatorial Affairs at the American Federation of Arts (AFA), will assume his role beginning September 2022.Pauline Forlenza has been the director of the American Federation of Arts (AFA) since 2012, serving before as its deputy director and chief operating officer. Under her leadership, the AFA’s exhibition program has grown immensely, now with close to twenty exhibitions in various stages of development. She initiated a curatorial research travel ... American Federation of Arts, Background Information, 1942-1955: 4 3 Select: American Federation of Arts, Background Information, 1942-1955 : ... 305 East 47th Street, 10th Floor New York, NY 10017 212.988.7700 | 1.800.232.0270 Jan 1, 2000 · The American Federation of Arts is the leader in traveling exhibitions internationally. A nonprofit institution founded in 1909, the AFA is dedicated to enriching the public’s experience and understanding of the visual arts through organizing and touring art exhibitions for presentation in museums around the world, publishing scholarly ... Mar 29, 2016 · The roots of the Empire style are traced to the late eighteenth century, when the classical vocabulary of Rome, as well as the archaeological discoveries of Pompeii and Herculaneum, captured the imaginations of a group of highly influential individuals. These include the painter Jacques-Louis David; the furniture maker Georges Jacob, who …Dec 10, 2015 · Indigenous Beauty: Masterworks of American Indian Art from the Diker Collection (2015-2016) Authors: David W. Penney With Janet Catherine Berlo, Bruce Bernstein, Barbara Brotherton, Joe D. Horse Capture, and Susan Secakuku Publishers: American Federation of Arts, Skira Rizzoli (2015) Dimensions: 9 ¼ x 10 ¼ in. Format: …Dec 1, 2017 · This exhibition is organized by the American Federation of Arts, New York, and the Addison Gallery of American Art, Phillips Academy, Andover, Massachusetts, and is made possible, in part, by The Crosby Kemper Foundation and by Frank B. Bennett and William D. Cohan, with additional support from the Philip and Janice Levin Foundation … 305 East 47th Street, 10th Floor New York, NY 10017 212.988.7700 | 1.800.232.0270 1-54. May 20, 2022 3:41AM. Pauline Willis. Pauline Willis is the Director & CEO of The American Federation of Arts. The AFA is the leader in traveling exhibitions internationally and publishing scholarly art catalogues. A nonprofit institution founded in 1909, the AFA is a trusted partner, amplifying the inclusive power of art for audiences ...The AFA hosts two major benefits annually, in the fall and spring seasons. Our marquee annual event, the AFA Gala & Cultural Leadership Awards recognizes an artist and museum leader or philanthropist for outstanding contributions to the art community. The event brings together artists, museum directors, collectors, philanthropists, and art professionals at an …Feb 8, 2019 · Suzanne Ramljak, an art historian and writer, is Chief Curator at the Frederik Meijer Gardens & Sculpture Park. Ramljak was formerly a curator at the American Federation of Arts, a position she held intermittently since 1995. From 2001 until 2018, she served as editor of Metalsmith magazine, and was formerly editor of Sculpture magazine ... October 14, 2023–January 14, 2024 | Fifth Third Gallery, Sinton Gallery, and Collection Galleries. Sporting Fashion: Outdoor Girls 1800 to 1960 explores women’s ongoing negotiation of the demands of fashion, function, and feminine decorum. It is the first exhibition to consider the evolution of women’s sporting and leisure attire ...A captivating new exhibition explores the allure of athletic attire in “Sporting Fashion: Outdoor Girls 1800-1960,” coming to the Munson Museum of Art on June 23. “Sporting Fashion” is the first exhibition to explore the evolution of women’s sporting fashion over this 160-year period. The exhibition includes 65 ensembles comprised of ...In 1991, a selection of 150 watercolours from this collection of was made by the American Federation of Arts. Two selections of 75 works were shown [1] at the Seattle Art Museum and the Thomas Gilcrease Institute of American History of Art, Tulsa, Oklahoma, and [2] at the Denver Art Museum and The Chrysler Museum, Norfolk, Virginia, between ...American Federation of Arts Bookplateleaf 0004 Call number 9922455980001551 Camera Canon EOS 5D Mark II Digital_item 6 External-identifier urn:oclc:record:656759488 Foldoutcount 0 Force-update true Identifier americanmagazine14amer Identifier-ark ark:/13960/t4fn7n88f Invoice 101 Lccn sn 92025917 OcrThe American Federation of Arts announced Kimerly Rorschach named President of the AFA’s Board of Trustees. As the nonprofit AFA looks forward to an exciting year of new exhibitions and programming, Rorschach brings her decades of museum leadership experience to support the AFA’s mission to create traveling art exhibitions and scholarly ...The American Federation of Arts is a nonprofit institution that organizes art exhibitions for presentation in museums around the world, publishes exhibition catalogues,…American Federation of Arts. Drawing Center (New York, N.Y.) Contents/Summary. Bibliography Includes bibliographical references (p. 224-231) and index. Publisher's summary The Plains Indians of North America have a long tradition of chronicling their lives pictorially, but in the mid-19th century, as a result of increased contact with soldiers ... The American Federation of Arts (AFA) was founded in 1909 following a discussion by congress. Throughout its history the AFA has been a leading champion of access to art and a critical voice for how art impacts everyday communities. Over the AFA’s history it has partnered and presented hundreds of exhibitions in museums throughout America in ... Mar 29, 2016 · Edna R. Russmann is Curator of Egyptian, Classical, and Ancient Middle Eastern Art at the Brooklyn Museum of Art. Credit This exhibition is organized by the American Federation of Arts and The British Museum, and is made possible, in part, by the Philip and Janice Levin Foundation Fund for Collection-Based Exhibitions at the …the american federation of arts . 275: june 1919 . 279: growth of interest in washington portraits . 285: the philadelphia victory decorations . 295: the glass of renÉ lalique . 301: shinto pilgrim an illustration by thornton . 362: illustration by thorton oakley . 369: five illustrations by thornton oakley 37276 . 377:Title: The American Federation of Arts, Biennial Convention, The Critic and the Visual Arts" Boston, Mass. April 7–10, 1965. Artist: Josef Albers (American (born Germany), …Jun 4, 2016 · The American Federation of Arts (AFA), a nonprofit institution, initiates and organizes a national and international program of art exhibitions, publications, and educational activities to benefit the museum community and enrich the public's experience and understanding of art and culture. Ruling year info.Staff - American Federation of Arts. DIRECTOR'S OFFICE. Pauline Forlenza Director & CEO [email protected]. Libby Langsner Executive Assistant …Learn about the AFA, a nonprofit organization that organizes and tours art exhibitions worldwide since 1909. See their updates, employees, specialties, and locations on LinkedIn.Apr 2, 2021 · Chelsea M. Herr (Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma) is the Jack & Maxine Zarrow Curator for Indigenous Art and Culture at Gilcrease Museum in Tulsa, Oklahoma. She earned a PhD from the University of Oklahoma, writing a dissertation on Indigenous Futurisms in the work of Native North American artists. She recently guest curated Stitched in Sovereignty ... Collection Information. Size: 79.8 Linear feet. Summary: The records of the American Federation of Arts (AFA) provide researchers with a complete set of documentation …Nov 19, 2015 · When Modern Was Contemporary: Selections from the Roy R. Neuberger Collection is organized by the American Federation of Arts and the Neuberger Museum of Art of Purchase College, SUNY. Neuberger Berman is the national tour sponsor of When Modern Was Contemporary. Additional support is provided by the JFM Foundation and Mrs. Donald M. Cox.
Americans for the Arts is a national nonprofit that advocates for the arts and culture field. Learn about their strategic realignment, awards, legislation, and news.. Punk rock museum
Nov 19, 2015 · Authors: Elizabeth Semmelhack With Cey Adams, Eric Avar, Bobbito Garcia, Tinker Hatfield, Ada Hopkins, Walt Frazier, Adam Horovitz, Christian Louboutin, Darryl McDaniels, Dee Wells Publishers: American Federation of Arts & Skira Rizzoli (2015) Dimensions 10 ¼ x 12 in. Format: Hardcover, 256 pp ISBN: 978-0-8478-4660-3. More Info. Co-organized by the American Federation of Arts, Chesterwood, and the Saint-Gaudens Memorial in partnership with the Saint-Gaudens National Historical Park, …Pauline Willis is the director of the American Federation of Arts (AFA), where she has worked for over ten years and previously served as chief operating officer, deputy director, and chief financial officer. In her first year as director, Willis expanded the schedule of currently traveling and upcoming exhibitions from two to more than twenty ...Jul 2, 2021 · Organized by the FIDM Museum at the Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising in Los Angeles and the American Federation of Arts, the show opens at the Frick Art Museum in Pittsburgh on July 3 ...American Federation of Arts, Washington, D. C., May 16, 1930. THE AMERICAN MAGAZINE OF ART 653 It acts with greater power, with greater One thing that does distinguish craft work speed, and greater accuracy than the hand from machine work is the fact that the tool. These in themselves are not unaesthet- craftsman can putter over his work in the ...American art directory Bookreader Item Preview remove-circle Share or Embed This Item. Share to Twitter. Share to Facebook. Share to Reddit. Share to Tumblr. Share to Pinterest. Share via email. EMBED. EMBED (for wordpress.com hosted blogs and archive.org ... American Federation of Arts. Publication date 1980 TopicsDec 1, 2017 · This exhibition is organized by the American Federation of Arts, New York, and the Addison Gallery of American Art, Phillips Academy, Andover, Massachusetts, and is made possible, in part, by The Crosby Kemper Foundation and by Frank B. Bennett and William D. Cohan, with additional support from the Philip and Janice Levin Foundation …New York, The American Federation of Arts, Bonnard, Drawings from 1892-1946, October 1972 - October 1974, no. 72-1. Geneva, Musée d'art et d'histoire Genève, Dessins de Pierre Bonnard, April - September 1976, no. 69. London, Arts Council of Great Britain, Drawings by Bonnard, 1984-1985, no. 89.Dec 1, 2017 · This exhibition is organized by the American Federation of Arts, New York, and the Addison Gallery of American Art, Phillips Academy, Andover, Massachusetts, and is made possible, in part, by The Crosby Kemper Foundation and by Frank B. Bennett and William D. Cohan, with additional support from the Philip and Janice Levin Foundation Fund for Collection-Based Exhibitions at the American ... American Federation of Arts, Washington, D. C., May 16, 1930. THE AMERICAN MAGAZINE OF ART 653 It acts with greater power, with greater One thing that does distinguish craft work speed, and greater accuracy than the hand from machine work is the fact that the tool. These in themselves are not unaesthet- craftsman can putter over his work in the ...Feb 7, 2017 · Margery King, Curator, American Federation of Arts Margery King is a curator at the American Federation of Arts, where she is currently responsible for exhibitions on Matisse’s drawings (curated by Ellsworth Kelly) and Latin American artists in Paris at the dawn of Modernism, among others, as well as curating an exhibition series devoted to ...Jan 1, 2000 · The American Federation of Arts is the leader in traveling exhibitions internationally. A nonprofit institution founded in 1909, the AFA is dedicated to enriching the public’s experience and understanding of the visual arts through organizing and touring art exhibitions for presentation in museums around the world, publishing scholarly ... American Federation of Arts was formed. Art Annual Magazine Shortly after the Federation was formed, realizing the necessity of a medium of com- In 1913 we took over the publication of munication and a means of securing and the American Art Annual, Miss Florence N. holding individual members, The American Levy, its founder, continuing for … American Federation of Arts, Background Information, 1942-1955: 4 3 Select: American Federation of Arts, Background Information, 1942-1955 : ... .