16 hours ago · The only photographer who doesn’t know how to use Photoshop is German Wolfgang Tillmans’ jokey self-description. His unfiltered images and video installation at David Zwirner Hong Kong are ... Installation view of “Wolfgang Tillmans: To look without fear,” on view at The Museum of Modern Art, New York from September 12, 2022 – January 1, 2023. Photo: Emile Askey.Wolfgang Tillmans didn't exactly reinvent the art of photography, but he has managed to make it more political. The Tate Modern in London is celebrating the German photographer with a special ...Frank, in the shower (2015). Photograph: Wolfgang Tillmans. Image courtesy of the artist, David Zwirner, New York/Hong Kong, Galerie Buchholz, Berlin/Cologne, Maureen Paley, LondonPhotographer Wolfgang Tillmans hangs his photograph "I don't want to get over you.", 2000, before his show at the Art Gallery of Ontario, in Toronto, Friday, on March 24, 2023. Fogg Museum, Harvard Art Museums. "Wolfgang Tillmans: Still Life," October 25, 2002–February 23, 2003. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "Modern Photographs from the Collection VIII," December 16, 2003–July 20, 2004. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. "Depth of Field: Modern Photography at the Metropolitan," September 25, 2007–March 23, 2008. Wolfgang Tillmans. Born in 1968, in Germany. Lives and works in London (United Kingdom) and Berlin (Germany) Wolfgang Tillmans emerged at the beginning of the 1990s as a photographer of a libertarian post-punk youth who listened to techno music.Wolfgang Tillmans Artist Biography. Wolfgang Tillmans (born August 1968) is a German photographer whose work captures the everyday images of his …Wolfgang Tillmans is an artist who resists definition. Whether it be defying the supposed limitations of magazines to act as repositories of art, confounding critics by moving seamlessly between journalistic documentary …Tillmans’ essential medium is not just photography but its contexts of activation— publications, magazine spreads, and above all, installations. Wolfgang’s dynamic, anti-hierarchical photographic installations are arranged with the precision and emotional impact of a perfect electronic score. Wolfgang Tillmans Biography. The German photographer Wolfgang Tillmans, who was born in 1968, has garnered a near unparalleled level of acclaim and exerted a profound level of influence within contemporary art today. Having studied at Bournemouth and Poole College of Art and Design in England, his early works from the 1990s focused on ... An Art Edition of Wolfgang Tillmans’s photo journey Neue Welt, featuring 24 large-format loose-leaf sheets of some 72 photographs.An investigation of place and time, as much as the photographic medium, this vibrant portfolio—perfect for hanging and framing, as much as collecting—is a unique opportunity to celebrate one of the most exploratory and engaged …The more than five dozen photographs in this thoughtful exhibition highlighted Wolfgang Tillmans’s deceptively casual mix of visuals. Provocative sexual and war-related imagery was absent, but ...If the medium of photography and its processes provide the foundation to Tillmans' work, his engagement with place, and his choreographic use of space and scale constitute a world, in which images of people and places and object-like registrations of light are part of an interconnected, physical and cosmic whole. ... ‘Wolfgang Tillmans: On ...The potential of the “wandering image”—the migrant, incessantly decentralized image, which moves and performs across communication platforms—has been critical to Wolfgang Tillmans since the beginning of his artistic practice. 1 The unfettered circulation of images plays an important role in his embrace of mobility, diversity, and the variety and …Tillmans quickly became a part of the city’s youth and club culture, where his political ideas of democratic community manifested. In himself and his contemporaries, Tillmans saw a singular spirit that eschewed the hierarchies of the past and seriously considered hedonism—the right to party, take up space, and control one’s body and …Wolfgang Tillmans (Remscheid, Germany, 1968) is an artist and a photographer based in Berlin. The intimate nature of his work is reflected in his writings, which include excerpts from early and most recent interviews and a personal discussion of his video piece, Lights/Body (2002), as well as examples of his many influential artist’s …Wolfgang Tillmans (1968-), Artist. Sitter in 2 portraits Artist of 3 portraits Born in Remscheid, Germany, Tillmans attended Bournemouth and Poole College of Art and Design (1990-92) before moving to London, where he developed a new kind of subjectivity in photography, questioning existing values while asking what it means to create a picture …Sep 7, 2011 · September 7, 2011. View Full Images. Among photographers today, Wolfgang Tillmans occupies a unique position. In the ’80s and ’90s, German photography came to be associated with a sensibility that was cool and measured—with highly conceptual and pictorially minded artists such as Andreas Gursky and Thomas Ruff. Wolfgang Tillmans (Remscheid, Germany, 1968) is an artist and a photographer based in Berlin. The intimate nature of his work is reflected in his writings, which include excerpts from early and most recent interviews and a personal discussion of his video piece, Lights/Body (2002), as well as examples of his many influential artist’s …The dots in Tillmans’ work are connected in “ Wolfgang Tillmans: To Look Without Fear ,” which opens at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) this week. Over 400 of Tillmans’ photographs are on ...25September 2023. Text Emily Sandstrom. Wolfgang Tillmans, Fold Me (2023) 8. A large portrait of a highway leading to New York City hangs on the back wall of David Zwirner’s 19th Street location. The photo reveals the arteries that connect the city’s systems, suspended above construction zones and factories that make it all possible.Wolfgang Tillmans shot to fame in the 1990s with his photographs of friends, everyday images and the club scene. Since then, his work has become more abstract. Liz Jobey meets the artist on the ...Winning the Turner Prize in 2000 consecrated Wolfgang Tillmans as being at the forefront of art and his medium, becoming the first photographer to ever win the prestigious award. Prior to this, his work had been labelled as photojournalistic or even pertaining to the snapshot aesthetic. Tillmans’ subjects, them being clubbers, necks or … Wolfgang Tillmans has engaged the world through photography for over 30 years, working with an uncommon openness, sensitivity, and desire for human connection. Throughout his career, he has explored a wide variety of subjects in various forms: black-and-white photocopies, intimate portraits, still lifes, astronomical observations, cameraless abstractions, videos, and more. An Art Edition of Wolfgang Tillmans’s photo journey Neue Welt, featuring 24 large-format loose-leaf sheets of some 72 photographs.An investigation of place and time, as much as the photographic medium, this vibrant portfolio—perfect for hanging and framing, as much as collecting—is a unique opportunity to celebrate one of the most exploratory and engaged …Wolfgang Tillmans (Remscheid, Germany, 1968) is an artist and a photographer based in Berlin. The intimate nature of his work is reflected in his writings, which include excerpts from early and most recent interviews and a personal discussion of his video piece, Lights/Body (2002), as well as examples of his many influential artist’s …Since the early 1990s, Wolfgang Tillmans has pushed the boundaries of the photographic medium. Challenging the indexical nature traditionally associated with photography, his abstract and representational photographic bodies of work each in their own way put forward the notion of the photograph as object—rather than as a record of reality.Wolfgang Tillmans, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons. In 2009, after two decades of using a film camera, Tillmans switched over to digital photography and by 2012, it was the only form of photography he was working with.Wolfgang Tillmans has shaped the world of photography as we know it. Over a prolific, 35-year career, the German photographer has infused an unvarnished intimacy and a playful sense of observation into his images. Today, his fascination with the everyday is emulated in so much of the imagery that envelopes us.Heralded by ARTnews as “one of the year’s finest museum exhibitions”, this comprehensive exhibition of more than 300 works, reveals how since the 1980s, Tillmans has married photographic image-making with social critique, pushed the conventions of the medium, developing new worlds of abstract photography and epitomizing a new kind of subjectivity in …May 9, 2014 · Along with Juergen Teller and Terry Richardson, he formed the holy trinity of 90s magazine photography, unconventionally lit and seemingly casual, which even 20 years on remains the dominant style ... Wolfgang Tillmans (1968-), Artist. Sitter in 2 portraits Artist of 3 portraits Born in Remscheid, Germany, Tillmans attended Bournemouth and Poole College of Art and Design (1990-92) before moving to London, where he developed a new kind of subjectivity in photography, questioning existing values while asking what it means to create a picture in an image-saturated world. Wolfgang Tillmans is a photographer of society, but unlike predecessors such as August Sander, he is little interested in pure documentation. No stereotypes for him, but rather multifaceted individuals are the persons we encounter in Tillmans’ photography, each one representing a unique part of a whole of which the photographer himself, who was born in …Feb 13, 2017 · He upended fashion photography and embraced digital technology to create luminously beautiful images of nature. As his new Tate show opens, Wolfgang Tillmans talks about his reinvention as an EU ... The German artist Wolfgang Tillmans came of age in the 1980s, long before the existence of digital photo-sharing platforms, but he has always seen photography as an inherently social medium (and one that's as sensitive and fragile as human relationships). In this interview with artist, writer and Index magazine publisher Peter Halley, excerpted …Wolfgang Tillmans has made a name for himself by doing what we don’t expect. He gained artistic clout in the early 2000s by moving away from the photographic image with his Freischwimmer and abstract series. These beautiful and often large pictures seemed at first to clash with his early photographic work but have now become synonymous with his name.Earliest photographs, a Contax SLR, and meeting Maureen Paley. Born in Remscheid in Germany in 1968, Wolfgang Tillmans’ took his earliest photographs of the night sky. When he was 14 he was sent to London on an exchange programme, and quickly discovered Boy George, Silk Cut cigarettes and Kensington Market.Wolfgang Tillmans. 1997. Concorde L433-9 Wolfgang Tillmans. 1997. Concorde L449-15 Wolfgang Tillmans. 1997. Concorde L441-1A Wolfgang Tillmans. 1997. Tresor Garten Wolfgang Tillmans. 1997. View by appointment. JAL Wolfgang Tillmans. 1997. View by appointment. Minneapolis Wolfgang Tillmans. 1997. View by appointment. Chair (part 1)Wolfgang Tillmans (Remscheid, Germany, 1968) is an artist and a photographer based in Berlin. The intimate nature of his work is reflected in his writings, which include excerpts from early and most recent interviews and a personal discussion of his video piece, Lights/Body (2002), as well as examples of his many influential artist’s books.Winning the Turner Prize in 2000 consecrated Wolfgang Tillmans as being at the forefront of art and his medium, becoming the first photographer to ever win the prestigious award. Prior to this, his work had been labelled as photojournalistic or even pertaining to the snapshot aesthetic. Tillmans’ subjects, them being clubbers, necks or …While Wolfgang Tillmans is primarily known for his prolific and influential career in photography, he also took an activist stance this year, designing and distributing T-shirts and posters expressing concern about Britain leaving the EU. Here, some of the posters, which were free to download online, are installed in a storefront.Wolfgang Tillmans (Remscheid, Germany, 1968) is an artist and a photographer based in Berlin. The intimate nature of his work is reflected in his writings, which include excerpts from early and most recent interviews and a personal discussion of his video piece, Lights/Body (2002), as well as examples of his many influential artist’s …Wolfgang Tillmans. Photograph: Sarah Bohn. He calls Covid “the second viral pandemic of my life” – the first being Aids, the illness that in 1997 claimed the life of his partner, ...Summary. Tillmans’ series of 172 unique colour photocopy prints, Tate Modern Edition 2016, was made in celebration of the opening of Tate Modern’s Switch House extension in June 2016. Tate’s collection holds a selection nineteen prints from the series, numbers 1, 9, 21, 31, 41, 50, 60, 70, 88, 91, 101, 110, 114, 120, 131, 144, 149, 161 ...Installation view of Wolfgang Tillmans: To look without fear, on view at The Museum of Modern Art, New York from September 12, 2022 – January 1, 2023. Photo: Emile Askey. There’s a room full of vitrines, texts, and taped-to-the-wall images, with newspaper clippings and images of war. Whereas there is a lack of warmth in the flatness of most ...Wolfgang Tillmans mines his archives of photographs to construct constellations of images combined specifically for the space of each of his exhibitions. This installation presents staged and candid photographs of his friends and scenes from his own life—images that also function individually—printed at various scales and in both black …Wolfgang Tillmans didn't exactly reinvent the art of photography, but he has managed to make it more political. The Tate Modern in London is celebrating the German photographer with a special ...Wolfgang Tillmans mines his archives of photographs to construct constellations of images combined specifically for the space of each of his exhibitions. This installation presents staged and candid photographs of his friends and scenes from his own life—images that also function individually—printed at various scales and in both black …Tillmans, 54, has been around a long time, and there is something exemplary about him. But remove the halo of ’90s nostalgia and he is essentially a snapshot and fashion photographer blessed by ...Wolfgang Tillmans Biography. Since the late 1980s, the work of Wolfgang Tillmans has combined intimacy and playfulness with social commentary, alongside his ongoing interrogation of the foundations of his most-used medium: photography. A seamless fusion of styles, subject matter and modes of display, his bodies of work often challenge familiar ... Wolfgang Tillmans is one of those few artists who in practice truly and constantly challenges the structures of photography and art. His abstract work is now collected in the book Wolfgang Tillmans Abstract Pictures (Hatje Cantz) Tillmans was first recognised as a photographer in the late eighties when his night life images were published in ... Dec 11, 2013 · CV. Wolfang Tillmans studied at Bournemouth and Poole College of Art (1990 – 1992). He was the first photographer and non-British artist to win the Turner Prize (2000) and was awarded the Kulturpreis der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Photographie in 2009. Born in Remscheid, Germany, he held his first exhibitions in Hamburg, before moving to ... Learn about the German photographer Wolfgang Tillmans, who creates diverse and experimental installations with photographs, music, and text. Explore his themes of …R oom after room, turn after turn, Wolfgang Tillmans’ Tate Modern exhibition teems with images large and small. Images alone and arrays of larger and smaller photographs, framed and unframed and ...Wolfgang Tillmans. German, b. 1968. Following. 13k Follower s. One of the most influential photographers working today, Wolfgang Tillmans has captured sweaty nightclubs, …CONTACT US – Glance Photography Studio – Portrait & Wedding Photographer Malaysia. GLANCE PHOTOGRAPHY STUDIO. B-08-01, Block B, Menara Prima. …Frank, in the shower (2015). Photograph: Wolfgang Tillmans. Image courtesy of the artist, David Zwirner, New York/Hong Kong, Galerie Buchholz, Berlin/Cologne, Maureen Paley, LondonMay 9, 2014 · Along with Juergen Teller and Terry Richardson, he formed the holy trinity of 90s magazine photography, unconventionally lit and seemingly casual, which even 20 years on remains the dominant style ... Wolfgang Tillmans, installation view of “To look without fear” at The Museum of Modern Art, 2022. Photo by Emile Askey. Courtesy of The Museum of Modern Art, New York. Tillmans’s ease of capturing a subject as it is extends to portraiture of all kinds, whether it’s of people he knows, or celebrities like Chloë Sevigny, Moby, Liv Tyler ...Heralded by ARTnews as “one of the year’s finest museum exhibitions”, this comprehensive exhibition of more than 300 works, reveals how since the 1980s, Tillmans has married photographic image-making with social critique, pushed the conventions of the medium, developing new worlds of abstract photography and epitomizing a new kind of subjectivity in …Wolfgang Tillmans, Thuy in make-up room, 1993, medium and dimensions variable. But these images are exceptional. A few years later, in 1993, we get a very different scene: Tillmans photographs fashion designer Thuy Pham wearing an I LOVE GORBY shirt while holding a bottle of Budweiser (Thuy in make-up room).One wonders if Tillmans …Wolfgang Tillmans' Portrait of the Artist. by BJP. “It’s not a one-two-three, but this is number four in a series of books I have published with Walther Koenig, that began in 1997 with Concorde,” says Wolfgang Tillmans. “In 2012, it was FESPA Digital/Fruit Logistica; last year, The Cars; and now Conor Donlon.Wolfgang Tillmans biography - Wolfgang Tillmans Photos. Biographies, Life and PhotosFor his second novel, Young Mungo, though, Stuart had (obviously) a different story to tell and a different cover image in mind: Wolfgang Tillmans’ 2002 photograph The Cock (Kiss), an up-close-and-personal shot of two men kissing in a London club. “ Beyond chuffed to finally reveal the UK cover of Young Mungo,” Stuart tweeted last month.Jun 30, 2021 · Photograph: Wolfgang Tillmans, courtesy Maureen Paley, London/Hove Given his urge to explore, and his obsession with the interconnectedness of things, was lockdown challenging? Summary. Tillmans’ series of 172 unique colour photocopy prints, Tate Modern Edition 2016, was made in celebration of the opening of Tate Modern’s Switch House extension in June 2016. Tate’s collection holds a selection nineteen prints from the series, numbers 1, 9, 21, 31, 41, 50, 60, 70, 88, 91, 101, 110, 114, 120, 131, 144, 149, 161 ...May 30, 2017 · The photography of Wolfgang Tillmans is marked by his effortless slide between what, in the past, we might have termed “high and low culture” – between the gallery and the flyposter, the monograph and the magazine. Wolfgang Tillmans was born on August 16, 1968 in Remscheid in the German area of Bergisches Land. At the age of 14 to 16, visits to museums in Düsseldorf and to the Museum Ludwig in Cologne acquainted him with the photo-based art of Gerhard Richter, Sigmar Polke, Robert Rauschenberg and Andy Warhol, which counts among his earliest influences.CV. Wolfang Tillmans studied at Bournemouth and Poole College of Art (1990 – 1992). He was the first photographer and non-British artist to win the Turner Prize (2000) and was awarded the Kulturpreis der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Photographie in 2009. Born in Remscheid, Germany, he held his first exhibitions in Hamburg, before …The Museum of Modern Art’s retrospective of Tillmans’s work, “To look without fear,” is a similar summoning of abundance. The 54-year-old German is much more than a photographer; he’s a ...Moderna Museet is delighted to welcome Wolfgang Tillmans – an artist who has extended the boundaries of photography and redefined the medium of photography as an artform. Wolfgang Tillmans (b. 1968) first attracted attention at the beginning of the 1990s, with his apparently mundane pictures of subjects taken from his own surroundings.New York. The German photographer Wolfgang Tillmans (b. 1968) treats the everyday world as a kind of paradise where pictures can be found at every turn. With genre-leveling zest, he documents his ... EXHIBITION OVERVIEW. A major retrospective of artist Wolfgang Tillmans, shown for the first time in Canada, opens in Spring 2023. Tillmans’ photography ranges from intimate observations to incisive commentary on the shape of our world today. This momentous exhibition will feature ecstatic images of nightlife, sensitive portraits ... Tillmans quickly became a part of the city’s youth and club culture, where his political ideas of democratic community manifested. In himself and his contemporaries, Tillmans saw a singular spirit that eschewed the hierarchies of the past and seriously considered hedonism—the right to party, take up space, and control one’s body and …Photographer Wolfgang Tillmans attends the Opening Reception for "Wolfgang Tillmans: To Look Without Fear" on September 08, 2022 in New York City. Wolfgang Tillmans and Branwen Jones attend MoMA's Party in the Garden 2022 at The Museum of Modern Art on June 7, 2022 in New York City.Sep 25, 2015 · Sept. 25, 2015. The photographer Wolfgang Tillmans is a material guy. He has always embraced the physicality of photos. As a boy in Remscheid, a small city in western Germany, he photocopied ... Wolfgang Tillmans. Born in 1968, in Germany. Lives and works in London (United Kingdom) and Berlin (Germany) Wolfgang Tillmans emerged at the beginning of the 1990s as a photographer of a libertarian post-punk youth who listened to techno music.Tillmans’ essential medium is not just photography but its contexts of activation— publications, magazine spreads, and above all, installations. Wolfgang’s dynamic, anti-hierarchical photographic installations are arranged with the precision and emotional impact of a perfect electronic score.The photographs of Wolfgang Tillmans appear to be genuinely random and casual, as seen in this image: Still Life, Grays Inn Road I (1999) (main image). This Turner prizewinning artist uses his ...Sep 12, 2022 · Wolfgang Tillmans. Images Biography Bibliography RP Exhibitions Exhibition Schedule Publications Press Back. Installation view of Wolfgang Tillmans To look without fear. Museum of Modern Art, New York. September 12, 2022 – January 1, 2023. Prev Next. Regen Projects is a contemporary international art gallery located in Los Angeles. Photograph: Wolfgang Tillmans Share on Facebook Share on Twitter JAL. 1997 • Wolfgang Tillmans, a monograph of 25 years’ work, is published by Phaidon at £39.95. The German photographer Wolfgang Tillmans started out shooting the gay club scene of the 1980s and 1990s in Berlin. He pointed his analogue camera to the counterculture community, photographing nightlife; raves, parties, afterparties and the lazy mornings that followed.
Wolfgang Tillmans mines his archives of photographs to construct constellations of images combined specifically for the space of each of his exhibitions. This installation presents staged and candid photographs of his friends and scenes from his own life—images that also function individually—printed at various scales and in both black …. Future shirts
For his second novel, Young Mungo, though, Stuart had (obviously) a different story to tell and a different cover image in mind: Wolfgang Tillmans’ 2002 photograph The Cock (Kiss), an up-close-and-personal shot of two men kissing in a London club. “ Beyond chuffed to finally reveal the UK cover of Young Mungo,” Stuart tweeted last month.A little bit about us. The studio is setup in 2022 in SS2 Petaling Jaya. The double storey house is converted to a studio space especially cater to baby, family, graduation, …and Queer Liberation. By Douglas Stuart. Photographed by Wolfgang Tillmans. September 13, 2022. Photo by Dan Ipp. The planet of Venus passing across a giant violet sun. A man with his cock out in an airplane seat. Prisms of light or folds of paper pushed to the point of abstraction. A shirtless, green-haired Frank Ocean covering his face.525 West 24th Street, Chelsea. Through June 22. The nomadic German photographer Wolfgang Tillmans addresses globalization in a curiously offhand way. Unlike the large-format, digitally enhanced ...Sep 18, 2022 · Wolfgang Tillmans’s Beautiful Awareness. The photographer talks about his first MOMA retrospective and how his prescient art flows from the act of paying attention. “To Look Without Fear ... Wolfgang Tillmans is a contemporary German photographer. Emerging in the 1990s with his snapshot documentation of youths, clubs, and LGBTQ culture, Tillmans is a worthy successor to Nan Goldin.Captivated by his surroundings and circle of friends, his images are often more abstract and elusive than Goldin's, yet similarly document his experiences …Wolfgang Tillmans (Remscheid, Germany, 1968) is an artist and a photographer based in Berlin. The intimate nature of his work is reflected in his writings, which include excerpts from early and most recent interviews and a personal discussion of his video piece, Lights/Body (2002), as well as examples of his many influential artist’s books.Sep 18, 2022 · Wolfgang Tillmans’s Beautiful Awareness. The photographer talks about his first MOMA retrospective and how his prescient art flows from the act of paying attention. “To Look Without Fear ... Wolfgang Tillmans (Remscheid, Germany, 1968) is an artist and a photographer based in Berlin. The intimate nature of his work is reflected in his writings, which include excerpts from early and most recent interviews and a personal discussion of his video piece, Lights/Body (2002), as well as examples of his many influential artist’s …The German artist Wolfgang Tillmans came of age in the 1980s, long before the existence of digital photo-sharing platforms, but he has always seen photography as an inherently social medium (and one that's as sensitive and fragile as human relationships). In this interview with artist, writer and Index magazine publisher Peter Halley, excerpted …16 hours ago · The only photographer who doesn’t know how to use Photoshop is German Wolfgang Tillmans’ jokey self-description. His unfiltered images and video installation at David Zwirner Hong Kong are ... May 26, 2022 · Wolfgang Tillmans is a German photographer. He started receiving recognition in the 1990s with special interests in documentations of youths, LGBTQ culture, and clubs. Since then, he has expanded his practice to accommodate diaristic photography, commissioned magazine work, and large scale conceptual series. Wolfgang Tillmans (2013) Wolfgang Tillmans (* 16.August 1968 in Remscheid) ist ein deutscher Fotograf und Künstler, der in Berlin und London lebt und arbeitet. Sein Werk ist zum einen durch aufmerksame Beobachtung seiner Umwelt, zum anderen durch die Erforschung der Grundlagen der Fotografie geprägt. 2000 wurde ihm als erstem Fotografen und …On the Cover: Wolfgang Tillmans Guest Edits Aperture's "Spirituality" Issue. “At this time I feel a strong need for the affirmation of spirit in photography in published form,” Minor White wrote to a colleague in 1966. “ Aperture is the only place it can possibly be published at this time. Too bad for photography but that is the way it isWritten By Kyle Wheelock. The cover of Frank Ocean’s Blond (also stylized as, “ Blonde ,”) says a lot about the album, more than most people would realize without …Biography. Since the early 1990s, Wolfgang Tillmans has pushed the boundaries of the photographic medium. Challenging the indexical nature traditionally associated with photography, his abstract and representational photographic bodies of work each in their own way put forward the notion of the photograph as object—rather than as a record of ….