HOME · ABOUT · TATTOOS · Our Tattoo Artists · Tattoos by Bella · Tattoos by Jillian · Tattoos by Khwezi · Tattoos by Molly Vee &mid...Les piercings anti-tragus à motifs. Si vous aimez les motifs élégants, les piercings anti-tragus en forme de fleurs parés d’oxydes de zirconium, les pièces en forme de croix ou les simples strass sauront vous charmer. Laissez-vous guider par vos préférences et trouvez le piercing anti-tragus qui illuminera votre visage.Tiny 3mm Hoop Set of 2 Small Thin Real Piercing Anti Tragus Helix Rook Cartilage Snug Earring 14k and Sterling Silver 20g 22g 24g and 26g (16.7k) Sale Price $5.26 $ 5.26 $ 10.53 Original Price $10.53 ... "I have a rook piercing and these hinged hoops have been a godsend! After buying a barbel to replace my old one, the tiny ball on …Jul 11, 2023 · The snug piercing runs along the anti-helix of the ear - basically the inner ridge of cartilage inside your ear, adjacent to the ear canal - and sits right above the anti-tragus. Cost: £30-40 ... “Mining” has become synonymous with crypto the past few years in the tech industry, what with Bitcoin piercing the $50,000 barrier and GPUs and ASICs worldwide scrambling to hash f...This is because the needle is piercing through the top layer of skin and nerves. You may feel a pinching sensation, too, as the needle goes through the tragus. The pain associated with getting a ...HOME · ABOUT · TATTOOS · Our Tattoo Artists · Tattoos by Bella · Tattoos by Jillian · Tattoos by Khwezi · Tattoos by Molly Vee &mid...Feb 6, 2013 ... ... jewelry he makes at Evolve) showing me the anti-tragus removal he just did on Francesca. For years I've been wondering if anti-tragus ...Discover the trendy vertical double industrial and antitragus ear piercings. Get inspired by these cool and pretty ear piercings for a unique and stylish look. Pinterest. Explore. When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Touch device users, explore by touch or with swipe gestures.Anti-Tragus Piercing Guide: Everything You Need to Know Maison Miru. Tragus piercing: a guide to the coolest piercing. Find many great new used options and get the best deals for HEART EAR CARTILAGE EARRING TRAGUS HELIX CLIP ON HOOP Silver Plated at …An antitragus piercing is a perforation of the outer ear cartilage for the purpose of inserting and wearing a piece of jewelry. It is placed in the antitragus, a piece of cartilage opposite … The anti-tragus may be the piercing worth getting. Located in the area opposite your tragus, the anti-tragus piercing is as versatile as it is eye-catching. Keep things simple with a stud or combine it with your other ear piercings for a more personalized look. “Mining” has become synonymous with crypto the past few years in the tech industry, what with Bitcoin piercing the $50,000 barrier and GPUs and ASICs worldwide scrambling to hash f...When it comes to getting your ears pierced, finding the right studio is crucial. After all, you want a safe and professional experience that leaves you with beautiful and comfortab...**OPEN FOR LINKS AND MORE INFO**All about my antitragus piercing, cleaning, healing, process, etc.Anti-tragus Piercing video: http://youtu.be/JAOA2Xi8vQUAll ... Les soins post-piercing anti-tragus. Afin que la cicatrisation ne soit pas rallongée, et pour éviter toutes complications, voici quelques recommandations à noter pour prendre soin de votre piercing à l’anti-tragus : Ne touchez pas votre piercing avec les mains, elles sont souvent responsables des infections. Jun 17, 2023 · The Anti-Tragus Piercing. This piercing is located on the triangular-shaped piece of cartilage across from your tragus and right above your earlobe. It's ideal for smaller ear jewelry such as hoops or curved barbells. The Vertical Tragus Piercing. This piercing is located on the same cartilage area as the standard piercing. 8. Line up the needle with a mirror. Make sure the needle rests in the middle of the tragus and is not crooked or angled. You can buy piercing markers as well to make a note where you want the earring if it helps. Never use regular markers, however, as the ink can enter your wound. 9. Tragus earring,Fake Tragus earring,ear cuff,no piercing, single earring, fake ear cuff, sterling silver tragus, tragus jewelry,non piercing, (369) $13.51. $15.90 (15% off) Raindrop Chain hearing aid, listening device earrings for retention with safety chain. Anti-loss, functional jewellery for pierced ears. ==Everything you need to know about the Anti-Tragus Piercing==How much does it Hurt?Where should it be placed?How long does it take to heal?What are the …The anti tragus piercing can take between 3 – 6 months to fully heal. The initial swelling should reduce after a few weeks. Don’t worry if your piercing swells or becomes more bruised than other cartilage piercings. Due to the thickness of the cartilage for the antitragus it can take longer to heal. We would recommend …Anti-Tragus Piercing. Positioned opposite the tragus on the outer edge of the ear, the anti-tragus piercing offers a striking and unconventional look. It can be adorned with hoops or captive bead rings. Triple Tragus. A triple tragus piercing is a striking and unconventional choice for ear adornment. It involves the …3 colors available. MOHAND - LABRET. 750‰ (18k) rose gold €255,00. 3 colors available. MOHAND - LABRET. 750‰ (18k) yellow gold €255,00. 3 colors available. The anti tragus piercing is the triangular flap of ear that sits above the lobe, opposite of the tragus.1. Taeil. Taeil has three piercings that we know of! He seems to have two in his left earlobe, and one in his right. 2. Johnny. Johnny is the oldest member of NCT that has tattoos! He has a small sunflower tattoo on his forearm, as well as an olive branch on his collarbone and a jaguar on his shoulder.Dec 12, 2023 · Vertical Tragus Piercing. This piercing goes through the tragus vertically, creating a unique orientation that allows for distinctive jewelry arrangements, such as barbells or curved studs. Anti-Tragus Piercing. Positioned opposite the tragus on the outer edge of the ear, the anti-tragus piercing offers a striking and unconventional look. Cartilage Earring Hoop Size Nose Ring Septum Helix Tragus 22g 20g 18g Endless Hoop Earrings Gold Silver Rose Gold Tiny Piercing Rook Conch (24.7k) Sale Price $9.80 $ 9.80 $ 12.25 Original Price $12.25 ... Sterling or 14k Gold Anti Tragus Ring Fake 5mm set 2 - anti-tragus earring - hoop nose ring - body fake piercings - tiny fake ringWe asked five piercing experts from New York City, Los Angeles, and London to share the top piercing trends of 2020. You're sure to see more body-jewelry placements on the flat, tragus, conch, and ...Oct 13, 2023 · The helix piercing ranks between 4 and 5 out of 10 on the pain scale, making it moderately painful compared to all other body piercings. However, it’s one of the least painful cartilage piercings. The tragus piercing has a similar rating (4-5/10). However, pain tolerance is relative, so some individuals may find them a little more or less ... We asked five piercing experts from New York City, Los Angeles, and London to share the top piercing trends of 2020. You're sure to see more body-jewelry placements on the flat, tragus, conch, and ...The anti tragus piercing can take between 3 – 6 months to fully heal. The initial swelling should reduce after a few weeks. Don’t worry if your piercing swells or becomes more bruised than other cartilage piercings. Due to the thickness of the cartilage for the antitragus it can take longer to heal. We would recommend waiting a year to ...Get ratings and reviews for the top 12 gutter guard companies in Fort Pierce, FL. Helping you find the best gutter guard companies for the job. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home...Book an appointment with Piercings Leuven using SETMORE. Piercings Leuven. 5. Bondgenotenlaan 4, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, 3000. Book Appointment. Piercings Leuven. ... Antitragus. 2 Forward Helix. 3 Forward Helix. Flat. Industrial. Snug. Navel. Double Navel. Nosebridge. Christina 18+ VCH 18+ 1 Outer Labia 18+ 2 Outer Labia 18+ 3 …Les piercings anti-tragus à motifs. Si vous aimez les motifs élégants, les piercings anti-tragus en forme de fleurs parés d’oxydes de zirconium, les pièces en forme de croix ou les simples strass sauront vous charmer. Laissez-vous guider par vos préférences et trouvez le piercing anti-tragus qui illuminera votre visage.Jun 29, 2020 · Mark the exact area to be pierced with a nontoxic marker. Some piercers place a cork or other barrier in your ear canal to protect it from the needle. Insert the needle into the tragus, through to ... 20 Gauge 14K Gold Filled Tiny Anti-Tragus Ring Piercing ♥ Comfortable, delicate Tragus hoop -Anti Tragus piercing hoop -14k Gold Filled Anti Tragus piercing. ♥ The Size is 7 mm Diameter, 20 Gauge. ♥ Comfortable,light-weight and easy to use.What is an anti-tragus piercing? Considerably more common than a helix piercing, a conch piercing or a classic tragus piercing, the anti-tragus is a type of cartilage piercing that’s placed on a small piece of cartilage opposite the ear canal. It makes for an impressive addition to an ear stack.Anti-tragus piercing #piercing #piercings #bodypiercing #antitraguspiercing #antitragus #earpiercing. Done. Upgrade to Flickr Pro to hide these ads. Loading ...Mar 10, 2023 · Piercings are a versatile form of body modification. Sometimes, they can be tame, like regular ear lobe piercings. Other times, they can be on the far end of many people's comfort zones, like nipple and genital piercings. But some offer just the right amount of flair, while still being practical. Cue the anti-tragus piercing. A surface tragus piercing is a type of body modification where the tragus, a small protrusion of cartilage in front of the ear. canal, is pierced. This type of piercing is …Tragus piercings, like all ear cartilage piercings, are typically pierced with a 16 gauge needle, which is 1.2mm thick. Tragus piercing studs usually have a post length of 5 or 6mm for a snug fit, and 7 or 8mm for a looser fit. If you're going for a hoop, choose a standard tragus hoop earring with a diameter of 6mm to 8mm.Anti-Tragus Piercing. Positioned opposite the tragus on the outer edge of the ear, the anti-tragus piercing offers a striking and unconventional look. It can be … A snug-fitting hoop can be a delicate and pretty option for any healed anti-tragus. Downsizing your curved barbell during your healing will reduce the amount of irritation the piercing will see. However, these piercings can go through cycles of swelling and calm. We suggest you come in to see us once the piercing has passed this phase of healing. Anti-Tragus Cartilage Piercing; Surface Tragus Piercing; DISCLAIMER: the styles and locations displayed in the reference image featured in this post won't match perfectly with your ear's shape because each and every person has an anatomy that is uniquely individual and some of the piercings featured in our encyclopedia may not be possible for ...Silver-tone Multi Cubic Zirconia Changeable 16G Tragus Flat Back Earrings - 6 Pack. $16.99 $10.19. 40% OFF. Delivery available. Available at. Westlake Center. Add to Bag. Rose Gold Multi Changeable Flat Back Tragus Earrings - 5 Pack. $16.99 $10.19.Your laptop's battery life can be influenced by the setup of your machine, the applications you are running or even the age of the battery itself. You can boost the efficiency of y...Cost of an Anti-Tragus Piercing. Most salons will charge for the service as well as the cost of jewelry. Service costs are per piercing …lobes tend to take 6-9 months. septums tend to heal the fastest in only a few months. don’t try to put a hoop in helixes, nostrils, most ear cartilage piercings, and lobes until it’s fully healed (see above times), if you already have and it’s irritated consider visiting a piercer to have them put in a titanium flat back labret in.May 8, 2020 - Explore Karen Etheridge's board "Anti tragus" on Pinterest. See more ideas about anti tragus, ear piercings, tragus.Piercing Piercing Fee Piercing Fee + Jewelry Cost Minium Age Requirement; Ear Lobe (Per Lobe) $25.00 per ear: Standard silver polished beads start at $26 per piece, gemmed stud options start at $35+ per piece.With most surface piercings, you should be able to suction cup the glass to your skin so that you can move around a bit while you let the piercing soak. Once the soak is completed, gently pat the piercing dry without moving the jewelry. Be careful with snagging. Rejection will be your biggest risk during healing.Yes. Users can make use of earbuds with an anti-tragus piercing. With that in mind, users must take extra care while using earbuds so as not to cause irritation, inflammation, or infection to the area. It’s also important to allow a fresh anti-tragus piercing a few days to heal before attempting to use earbuds.Located just around the corner at 108 W. Pine St. we have coveted a beautiful welcoming environment for every need, from simple lobe piercings to multiple-piercing projects. We offer jewelry from many different companies to fit almost any budget, no matter how extravagant or minimal. Like Lucky No. 3 Tattoo, Aberration is also by appointment.Anti-Tragus Piercing. Initial healing time: 6 – 9 months Full healing time: 1 1/2 – 2 years. How Piercings Heal. Piercing and high-end body jewelry. 514-903-2242. 4473 Saint-Denis, Montreal. Studio Hours. Sunday Closed Monday Closed Tuesday 12-7p.m. Wednesday 12-7p.m. Thursday Closed Friday 12-7p.m.Jun 27, 2023 · This is because the needle is piercing through the top layer of skin and nerves. You may feel a pinching sensation, too, as the needle goes through the tragus. The pain associated with getting a ... Kelly notes that there is also a piercing known as the "anti-tragus," wherein "anti" just means "across from." That piercing sits in the ear cartilage across the lower ear canal from the standard ...Cartilage piercings are a popular form of body art that can add a unique touch to your style. However, it’s important to take proper care of your cartilage piercing to avoid infect...Tragus piercings, like all ear cartilage piercings, are typically pierced with a 16 gauge needle, which is 1.2mm thick. Tragus piercing studs usually have a post length of 5 or 6mm for a snug fit, and 7 or 8mm for a looser fit. If you're going for a hoop, choose a standard tragus hoop earring with a diameter of 6mm to 8mm.A look at infected tragus piercings, a condition where a small part of the ear develops an infection. Included is detail on avoiding infection and risks.Dec 21, 2022 · The tragus is the small projection of cartilage immediately in front of the ear canal. Piercing it involves perforating the cartilage with a small-gauge, hollow needle and inserting jewelry—either a ring or a stud. The tragus is vulnerable to infection, so take care to find a professional piercer who follows proper procedures. The price of an anti-tragus piercing varies on the tattoo studio you go to. According to Kenneth, 55 Tinta usually charges P2,000 for cartilage piercings. Interested in getting an anti-tragus piercing? Check out these pictures for inspiration: Anti-tragus + double lobe A simple hoop earring on the anti-tragus can add a cool touch to a stack of ...Christmas Sale - Tiny Ear Cuff - Fake Body Piercing - Fake Anti Tragus Earring - Anti Tragus Cuff - Fake Ear Ring (7.9k) Sale Price $11.41 $ 11.41 $ 19.02 Original Price $19.02 (40% off) Add to Favorites 14K Gold Genuine Emerald And Diamond Piercing Indian Nose Ring Dainty Earring & Nose Pin May Birthstone Piercing And Nose Stud ... The anti-tragus may be the piercing worth getting. Located in the area opposite your tragus, the anti-tragus piercing is as versatile as it is eye-catching. Keep things simple with a stud or combine it with your other ear piercings for a more personalized look. A related piercing is known as the antitragus piercing. History. The popularity of tragus piercings began to increase around 2005, according to a BBC report. Jewelry. Barbells, captive bead rings and flat-backed earring studs are the most common types of jewelry worn in tragus piercings. Process. The ...DaVo, a Professional Piercer since 1994, covers the advantages and disadvantages or Pros and Cons of Getting an Anti-Tragus Piercing. This video is designed for those considering getting this piercing or piercings and includes common issues with the piercing, common advantages of the piercing including the healing …A surface tragus piercing is a type of body modification where the tragus, a small protrusion of cartilage in front of the ear. canal, is pierced. This type of piercing is usually done with a barbell, but can also be done with a ring. Surface tragus piercings are less common than other types of ear piercings, but have …The helix piercing ranks between 4 and 5 out of 10 on the pain scale, making it moderately painful compared to all other body piercings. However, it’s one of the least painful cartilage piercings. The tragus piercing has a similar rating (4-5/10). However, pain tolerance is relative, so some individuals may find them a … Piercing Anti-Tragus. Situé juste au-dessus du lobe, le piercing anti-tragus se développe de plus en plus. Piercings en forme d’anneaux, modèles aux motifs divers et studs de tailles différentes s’adapteront parfaitement à cette zone de votre oreille. Popart Piercing. Oreille. The tragus piercing process usually takes about 30 to 45 minutes and costs about $40 to $120. Afterwards, you should clean it twice a day with a .9% sodium chloride saline solution.Les piercings anti-tragus à motifs. Si vous aimez les motifs élégants, les piercings anti-tragus en forme de fleurs parés d’oxydes de zirconium, les pièces en forme de croix ou les simples strass sauront vous charmer. Laissez-vous guider par vos préférences et trouvez le piercing anti-tragus qui illuminera votre visage.Anti-tragus piercing. If you pinch your earlobe, you'll likely feel a triangular-shaped piece of cartilage sticking out above it. That’s the anti-tragus. Want to stand out among the typical piercing-lovers? The anti-tragus is perfect for trendsetters who want to add a bit of flair to their ear lobe piercings and anyone who wants to invite a ...Placement: Belly button piercings are pierced through the skin surrounding the navel, with a traditional belly button piercing centered directly above it. Pricing: $30-$75, plus cost of jewelry. Pain level: 4 or 5 out of 10. Healing time: Six to eight months, fully healed by 12 months.Snug piercings, also called anti-helix piercings, are not for the faint of heart.Considered the most painful cartilage piercing—and to some, most painful …Cartilage Earring Hoop Size Nose Ring Septum Helix Tragus 22g 20g 18g Endless Hoop Earrings Gold Silver Rose Gold Tiny Piercing Rook Conch (24.7k) Sale Price $9.80 $ 9.80 $ 12.25 Original Price $12.25 ... Sterling or 14k Gold Anti Tragus Ring Fake 5mm set 2 - anti-tragus earring - hoop nose ring - body fake piercings - tiny fake ringStandard Anti-Tragus Piercing Sizes. Traditional cartilage studs come with a straight bar. However, we recommend using a curved barbell or piercing ring for an anti-tragus piercing. The standard bar thickness for an anti-tragus piercing is 1.2 mm. The standard bar length or ring diameter is 6 mm, but 8 mm is also a common choice.According to Maison Miru, minimal healing takes anywhere between two to four months, while a fully-healed anti-tragus can take up to a year.The anti-tragus is a cartilage piercing, and as such does not heal …14k 18k Solid Gold Long Tragus Earring, Lobe Cartilage Conch Anti Tragus Curvy Piercing Stud, Unique Piercing Gifts for Her, 16g Flatback (2.1k) $ 150.00. FREE shipping Add to Favorites 14K white gold tragus earring, real diamonds tragus earring, tiny diamond ring, tragus hoop earring, tragus piercing, single earring E008DW ...The tragus is the small projection of cartilage immediately in front of the ear canal. Piercing it involves perforating the cartilage with a small-gauge, hollow needle and inserting jewelry—either a ring or a stud. The tragus is vulnerable to infection, so take care to find a professional piercer who follows proper procedures.Oct 13, 2023 · The helix piercing ranks between 4 and 5 out of 10 on the pain scale, making it moderately painful compared to all other body piercings. However, it’s one of the least painful cartilage piercings. The tragus piercing has a similar rating (4-5/10). However, pain tolerance is relative, so some individuals may find them a little more or less ... The ex-Boston Celtics player didn't disclose he was paid more than $244,000 worth of EMAX tokens in a Twitter promotion, the SEC said. Jump to Former NBA star Paul Pierce will pay ...The Anti-Tragus Piercing. This piercing is located on the triangular-shaped piece of cartilage across from your tragus and right above your earlobe. It's ideal for …The Tragus Piercing is done next to the ear canal. So beyond the piercing and pain you can even witness a pop sound as the needle pierces through. Cartilage piercings are a bit painful. But amongst all in comparison to the helix, conch or auricle piercing. It hurts a bit more because the cartilage is thicker in area. 16g Stainless Curved Barbell (internal) 1/4"-1/2". $5.98. each. We stock a huge selection of anti-tragus piercing jewelry in stainless steel, titanium, niobium, glass, bioflex or 14k gold. 8. Line up the needle with a mirror. Make sure the needle rests in the middle of the tragus and is not crooked or angled. You can buy piercing markers as well to make a note where you want the earring if it helps. Never use regular markers, however, as the ink can enter your wound. 9.Each year, winter and its antics — all that piercing precipitation and treacherous terrain — seem to inspire plenty of questions about where to find the perfect pair of winter boot...Piercing & Aesthetics by Nikki added a new photo to the album: Tragus, Rook, Snug & more Ear Piercings. added a new photo to the album: Tragus, Rook, Snug & more Ear Piercings. ·Oct 7, 2020 - Explore Michaela Frismodt's board "Anti tragus piercing" on Pinterest. See more ideas about piercing, anti tragus piercing, tragus piercings.
Apr 24, 2017 · How to use: Apple cider vinegar should be diluted before using it to clean a tragus piercing wound showing signs of a mild infection. Dilute raw apple cider vinegar with equal amount of water. Soak a piece of clean gauze in the cider vinegar remedy and apply to the infected tragus piercing. Hold on for 10 minutes. . Six flags over texas arlington texas
Oct 5, 2022 · Anti Tragus Piercing is a body modification where a hole is pierced in the anti tragus, which is the small piece of flesh. directly above the tragus. This type of piercing can be done using a number of different methods, but is most commonly done with a hollow needle. The healing process can take anywhere from 4 to 8 weeks, and it is important ... Dec 22, 2023 · Explore different variations, from single anti-tragus piercings to multiple studs or hoops, and choose the one that complements your style. Let’s take a closer look at some of the popular variations: Single Anti-Tragus Piercing: This classic style involves piercing the anti-tragus with a single stud or hoop. It provides a minimalistic yet ... "Learn the basics of Antitragus Piercing, including aftercare, healing time, and suitable jewelry options in our beginner's guide."Anti-tragus piercing. If you pinch your earlobe, you'll likely feel a triangular-shaped piece of cartilage sticking out above it. That’s the anti-tragus. Want to stand out among the typical piercing-lovers? The anti-tragus is perfect for trendsetters who want to add a bit of flair to their ear lobe piercings and anyone who wants to invite a ...The symptoms of a tragus piercing infection can include: 1. Redness. Inflammation will result in the area around the piercing turning red and puffy-looking. This is the body’s immune system response to infection. 2. Soreness/Tenderness. The area around the piercing may become sore, especially in the area that has …Surface tragus piercing is placed in front of your tragus, which is a small part of the ear that attaches to the side of your face and protrudes into the ear’s center, partially covering the ear canal. It lays flat below your ear’s skin and is considered a surface piercing, giving a double-pierced look that sits flat against the skin.Anti-tragus piercings also look especially good on people who have a more pronounced nub in their ear as it's a pretty tricky spot to pierce. So if you've got the anatomy for it, you'll definitely have an awesome look! The anti-tragus piercing is as versatile as it is eye-catching. It looks awesome worn alone or with other ear …The next piercing comprehensive guide in my series is here! This guide offers a general overview of important information pertaining to the anti tragus pierc...An antitragus piercing is located on the small, raised area opposite the tragus, while a projection piercing could refer to a piercing on any part of the ear that extends out from the head. For example, a helix piercing could be considered a projection piercing, while a snug piercing could be considered an antitragus piercing. ...Dr. Chester Pierce worried that television was spreading demeaning messages that undermined the mental health of vulnerable young black children—so he did something about it. In th...Although the evidence for daith piercings as a migraine treatment is mostly anecdotal, some people believe that tragus piercings could work in the same way to help relieve migraine pain. Migraine ...The power of Isengard was at his command. The British actor Sir Christopher Lee, perhaps best known for his role as the conflicted evil wizard Saruman in the Lord of the Rings and ...We asked five piercing experts from New York City, Los Angeles, and London to share the top piercing trends of 2020. You're sure to see more body-jewelry placements on the flat, tragus, conch, and ...May 31, 2018 ... Always a pleasure and as ever, pierced @ Shiva. This entry was posted in Anti-Tragus Piercing, Piercing Portfolio, Rook Piercings and tagged ...Dec 12, 2023 · Vertical Tragus Piercing. This piercing goes through the tragus vertically, creating a unique orientation that allows for distinctive jewelry arrangements, such as barbells or curved studs. Anti-Tragus Piercing. Positioned opposite the tragus on the outer edge of the ear, the anti-tragus piercing offers a striking and unconventional look. As with most piercings, whether you should get one or not depends on the anatomy of your ear. Some ears have enough cartilage to hold a piercing, whereas … Les soins post-piercing anti-tragus. Afin que la cicatrisation ne soit pas rallongée, et pour éviter toutes complications, voici quelques recommandations à noter pour prendre soin de votre piercing à l’anti-tragus : Ne touchez pas votre piercing avec les mains, elles sont souvent responsables des infections. .